deviant innovation US becomes paired with NS, in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed, in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals. Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered one method of learning during his experiments on the digestive systems of dogs. - Raise a hand with a sugar cube or other food treat for the horse, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, In recent years, constitutional amendments have been proposed in the following areas. The child doesn't mind being alone. The View At Croppers Landing Ocean City, Md, In a series of experiments, Rescorla (e.g., 2001a, 2002a, 2002b) developed a novel test procedure for evaluating the potential differences in learning that occur during early and late parts of acquisition and extinction. When the horse did not respond to the trainer, the trainer raised her hand with the whip and hit the horse. Match each type of learning with its corresponding example. No conditioning will occur. Place in order the events for classical conditioning to occur. Examples. Learning is a change in behavior or in potential behavior that occurs as a result of experience. >> <<. What explains her current response? Lake Nona High School Shooting, Pani/Pana dane osobowe mog by udostpniane nastpujcym odbiorcom: Explain what is more important for strong conditioning. c. perceptual set. correctly describes the behavior of a person who gets rich by committing f According to Albert Bandura and others, which of the following will promote violent behavior, based on the principle of observational learning? Place in order the steps of counterconditioning that the new owner would use to retrain the horse not to buck with fear to a raised hand. Study Adds Fire to Debate" discusses the merits of a 2014 study conducted in Singapore. the strongest conditioning occurs during acquisitionkathy hochul siblings. 1 lit. Time arrangements of CS and US a. forward, trace, simultaneous, and backward conditioning: forward - CS comes first, and while it's still going, the US occurs Behavioural or operant conditioning occurs when a response to a stimulus is reinforced. (a) What is the wavelength of the emitted photon? This is one example of learning. a. A horse was mistreated and trained with a whip. The high school vice principal notices that too few students are in their classrooms when the first bell rings. Functions in things like empathy, being able to picture ourselves doing the same action, copying adult behaviors that have no function and no reward. If they earn twelve or more tokens by Friday, they may trade them in to go out to eat or to go see a movie. His father, Peter Dimitrievich Pavlov was the local village priest. Because the duration of the conditioning session differed in the 1, 4, and 8-shock . In contrast to behaviorism, recent learning theory has emphasized the role of ___________: the conditioned stimulus helps an animal _________ the unconditioned one. The strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition when a previously neutral stimulus is presented _____ . ex. e. bottom-up processing. A child is spanked by a parent after drawing on a wall with crayon.The punishment may create negative emotions. This review describes methods for testing responses to the prototypical umami substance monosodium glutamate (MSG) in rodents. Ignore the mass of the pulley and cords. Albert Bandura and his team followed up on their original Bobo doll experiment two years later. During the summer months, Jessica gets frustrated taking the main roads because it takes her three times as long to get to her friend's house with the tourist traffic. b. ESP. The baby keeps picking up the banner and placing it in his mouth. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Make sure that your graphs and your calculations agree. June 29, 2022; seattle seahawks schedule 2023; psalms in spanish for funeral . For example, whether to reinforce in relation to time or number of responses. scholars have said that the mass killing of native americans amounted to . Non-associative: learning about a stimulus, such as a sight or a sound, in the external world. by accident, satisfying, deliberately, operant, Law of Effect. How did her tennis serve improve? CS. The document has moved here. Two canoeists in identical canoes exert the same effort paddling and hence maintain the same speed relative to the water. (iii) If the tension is doubled, with all other factors held constant, what is the effect on the fundamental frequency? . the strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition. 2 RODO; The children at a day care center are not allowed to hit or hurt each other in any way. Praise Pete for asking to play with a toy (and not hitting), and then give him the toy - positive reinforcement If more students are in their classrooms before the first bell, which of the following are consequences and effects of the no-homework incentive? d. 2.5105g2.5 \times 10^5 \mathrm{~g}2.5105g or 4.0105g4.0 \times 10^5 \mathrm{~g}4.0105g. Which of the following scenarios illustrate how biology constrains reinforcement? What is the "operant" in this experiment? Przez ITlike.pl Jackie has learned that when entering a yoga studio, a person sits down, closes his or her eyes, and remains silent. The last day where the criteria above are still fulfilled is referred to as "Day 0." The previous days are counted in descending order with negative numbers (i.e., "1," "2," ), and days after a heatwave are counted ascendingly with positive numbers (i.e., "1", "2", ). . Zwizek Komunalny Gmin "Komunikacja Midzygminna" w Olkuszu. Many of the strongest voices expressed deep concerns, condemning the definition as a "statement of fashionable values" and objecting to its "political tone." . In fact, during these three decades, this approach developed into one of the strongest and most dominant schools in psychology. However, traditional associative theories cannot comprehensively explain many findings. 17 RODO - prawo do dania usunicia Pani/Pana danych osobowych (prawo do bycia zapomnianym), z zastrzeeniem przypadkw, o ktrych mowa w art. The same applies for the last CS+ trials during the acquisition phase: if the randomization of CS+ and CS- trials result in unreinforced CS+ trials at the very end of the acquisition phase, extinction may in fact start already during the acquisition phase, yielding artificially fast decreases in conditioned responding in the beginning of the . The neutral stimulus begins to trigger the conditioned response during acquisition, and eventually the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus capable of evoking . Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about early experimental work on conditioning. A horse was mistreated and trained with a whip. Explain. Wanda has a strong desire to make the world a better place and is concerned with saving the planet. If your question is not fully disclosed, then try using the search on the site and find other answers on the subject Social Studies. Andrew learns how to prepare a fancy chicken meal during a cooking class with Chef Norman LeClair. In contrast to behaviorism, recent learning theory has emphasized the role of cognition: the conditioned stimulus helps an animal predict the unconditioned one. The strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition when a previously neutral Correct Answer(s) immediately before the unconditioned stimulus. A person has a phobia of dentists and needs to have dental work done. . words in list read by teacher, including the word "can" - neutral stimuli Now he says "please" 10 times in a row. Acquisition involves repeated pairings of the CS and the UCS. Pavlov came to his conclusions about how learning occurs completely by accident. Instead, social models such as a parent, teacher, sibling or a friend are required . For example, say you regularly paired the ringing of a bell with the appearance of the light, which the dog had already learned to associate with the appearance of food. After a week of eating in the cafeteria, Bill feels hungry as soon as he enters the cafeteria. learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement, a visuospatial mental representation of an environment. adaptive response, learning to ignore non-informative stimuli in the environment. Try And Catch Me Columbo, observational learning The child doesn't mind being alone. Moved Permanently. ex. Use Eq. rebellion, Evaluate the role of Nepali congress in the establishment of democracy in 2007 BS, factors that should not affect your career choice, Why the government needs statistics on health, 1.2 Mention THREE benefits of being able to effectively communicate with your teachers (3). It will not take long for the cat to associate the sound of the "kernels in the pot" with "measuring cup in the sink," which leads to their reward (oil.) The strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition when a previously neutral stimulus is presented _____ 1 See answer . . Out for another day of winter maneuvers, soldiers remind each other that faster they march, the sooner they'll be out of the cold. Six arguments against acceptance of the theory are advanced. This manipulation dramatically impaired acquisition of the CS-US association; NpHR mice froze less than eYFP mice during the CS (Figure 5K, conditioning and retrieval 1; p < 0.001), and this effect persisted when the light was turned off (Figure 5K, retrieval 2; p = 0.005). Finally, you tell yourself that if you don't finish the chapter now, you won't be able to join your roommates for a night out later that evening. On other trials, the tone and a light are presented in the absence of food. Ben travels the same route between home and work. during the learning of the coefficients of 1 of the 8 CNV-specific LDA models in 100 resampling iterations, we drew a different set of . Instead of other forms of learning like Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning , no reinforcement is required. The greater the number of pairings (trials), the stronger . Fixed interval: Tom has a substitute-teaching job on Mondays and Fridays. Why does Annabel make this choice? Negative punishment: Peter's recess is taken away to discourage him from getting into fights with the other children. took place during conditioning- breaking between NS and CS SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY Can only occur if extinction has taken place; at random for reasons that are unknown Nature of response - involuntary/reflex (classical conditioning) Operant conditioning Types of behavior- willful or voluntary behaviors How it targets- action and consequence RIV Capital is an acquisition and investment firm with a focus on building a leading multistate platform with one of the strongest portfolios of brands in key strategic U.S. markets. 4. time they occur -Example: If you are no longer reinforcing tantrum-throwing, the child is unlikely to give up after the first episode It will take several times of ignoring the tantrum before it is likely to permanently weaken. In the late 1800s, Edward Thorndike observed cats placed in a specially designed box. DillPickle1024. adaptive You tell yourself that if you can just finish the chapter, you will get a better score on the quiz the next day. 2. neural stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus conditioning where the US is a stimulus that acquired its ability to produce learning from an earlier procedure in which it was used as a CS. The next time she sees a dog and goes to pet it, the dog growls and barks, scaring her. During this phase of the process, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) results in an . The first time she raised her hand up toward the horse, the horse backed up and bucked. A heatwave ends when either T max or T min drop below their respective 95th percentile thresholds. Pani/Pana dane osobowe nie bd wykorzystywane do zautomatyzowanego podejmowania decyzji, w tym do profilowania. a. na podstawie art. - To provide for direct election of the president and vice president, abolishing the Electoral College alone (without another attack) during a therapy session will gradu-ally weaken (extinguish) the fear . Instead, the conditioned stimulus becomes associated with other stimuli associated with the unconditioned stimulus. She pays special attention to the service mechanics of some of the top players in her league. A neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. However, evolution can also influence the acquisition of a conditioned response. to use this representational knowledge to guide current and future action. The strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition when a previously neutral stimulus is presented _____ . Uncategorized. If the volume is doubled at constant temperature. As an adult, Jeanne experiences increased heart rate and shallow breathing during visits to the doctor. Matthew has never gone to a school dance, but he wants to go to his senior prom and dance well. 1. Children in a group home receive up to three tokens at the end of each day. ARTICLE Reduced safety processing during aversive social conditioning in psychosis and clinical risk Megan Quarmley 1, Ruben C. Gur , Bruce I. Turetsky 1, Anna J. Watters , Warren B. Bilker2, Mark A. Elliott3, Monica E. Calkins , Christian G. Kohler1, Kosha Ruparel1, Petra Rupert1, Raquel E. Gur1 and Daniel H. Wolf1 Social impairment occurs across the psychosis spectrum, but its . 5. Determine IREF,IC1I_{\mathrm{REF}}, I_{C 1}IREF,IC1, IB1,IB2I_{B 1}, I_{B 2}IB1,IB2, and IC2I_{C 2}IC2. To increase the number of students in classrooms before the first bell, the vice principal states that students who are in their classroom when the first bell rings will not have to do their homework. When the door to the bakery opens, he smells warm chocolate. After an hour, Maria no longer pays attention to the fan. c. 0.00000041m0.00000041 \mathrm{~m}0.00000041m or 5.0102m5.0 \times 10^2 \mathrm{~m}5.0102m Pavlov would sound a tone (like ringing a bell) and then give the dogs the meat powder ().The tone was the neutral stimulus (NS), which is a stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response.Prior to conditioning, the dogs did not salivate when they just heard the tone because the tone had . b. po tym czasie dane osobowe bd przechowywane przez okres oraz w zakresie wymaganym przez przepisy powszechnie obowizujcego prawa. and more. Place in order the steps through which the trainer would take the horse. long term potentiation occurs (ii) If the mass per unit length is doubled, with all other factors held constant, what is the effect on the fundamental frequency? Calculate the partial pressures of the gases when a new equilibrium is established. Next > Answers . Pavlov came to his conclusions about how learning occurs completely by accident. If the US stops appearing with the CS, the CR decreases, return of a previously extinguished conditioned response, discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell, tendency to have CR triggered by related stimuli, in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus, -associated fear with stimulus UE L119/1) informujemy, e Administratorem Pana/Pani danych osobowych jest Zwizek Komunalny Gmin Komunikacja Midzygminna w Olkuszu, ul. During the first acquisition trial and the test trial salivation responses were determined and VASs were filled in. Ivan Pavlov's research on the digestive system of dogs unexpectedly led to his discovery of the learning process now known as classical conditioning. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. During conditioning - CS (bell) and UCS (food) are paired. Jose's ability to detect even the slightest presence of almonds is, a classically conditioned response A schedule of reinforcement is a component of operant conditioning (also known as ininstrumental conditioning). What is keeping the baby from learning to wave the banner? This means when a positive stimuli be presented into the neutral sense, the manner in which stimuli responding would present well into the greener sense of the aural characteristics of the humans soul. In such cases, the animal makes the connection between the stimuli especially ________. 8.21026J8.2 \times 10^{-26} \mathrm{~J}8.21026J -A child watches a mixed martial arts fight on TV. hippocampus is activates EM waves travel with a constant velocity of 3.0 108 m/s in a vacuum. secondary reinforcement. Therefore, she shops local, buys organic foods, and recycles regularly. It depends on a prior act of learning, hence the name "conditional." Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about recent developments in the theory of classical conditioning. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. delay of 3 s. 200 29 Si SP spectra were accumulated by respectively applying 5.6 s (30) excitation pulse, 25 ms acquisition time, and a relaxation delay of 360 s allowing for quantitative . - To force Congress and the president to agree to a balanced budget, with overspending allowed only in the case of a three-fifths vote of Congress, Find the adjusted gross income. Watch the Concept Video about Classical Conditioning. When the horse did not respond to the trainer, the trainer raised her hand with the whip and hit the horse. However, most models have simply ignored these data; the few that have attempt ed to address them have failed by at least an order of magnitude. Positive and Negative Outcomes. Observant learning: Mee-Ae learns how to do a headstand by watching her friend Anne. Sometimes, a behavior might not be reinforced at all. A rat learns to press a lever in order to trigger a release of food pellets. the word "can" - conditioned stimulus, Sally increases the amount of work she completes to receive more pay. B. F. Skinner coined the label "_____________" for conditioning based on the consequences of an animal's actions, and the term "__________" for the reward that encourages the behavior to be repeated. Anthony Rizzo Baby Picture, Peter's recess is taken away to discourage him from getting into fights with the other children. Livestock need to be conditioned to cooperate with health exams. A stimulus is any external or internal event, situation, or agent that elicits a response from a person. Taste aversions are learned through classical conditioning. What is learning? 3. neural stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus when it elicits a conditioned response. Ben travels the same route between home and work. Aleja 1000lecia 2C, 32300 Olkusz . neurons in the brain that are activated when one observes another individual engage in an action and when one performs a similar action. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian _________, repeatedly exposed dogs to the sight of food and, at the same time, the sound of a _________. The learned response to a signal is the conditional response (CR). It is argued that the theory lacks comprehensiveness and is also inadequate in other . Classical Conditioning Main Idea People acquire certain behaviors 1) Learning through association - Classical Conditioning 2) Learning through consequences - Operant Conditioning 3) Learning through observation - Modeling/Observational Learning LEARNING. Exposure therapy is an effective intervention for anxiety-related problems. mom stop yelling if you do the dishes, when we watch others doing or feeling something, neurons fire in patterns that would fire if we were doing the action or having the feeling ourselves. A toddler that spills a drink on the floor is scolded an hour later, when the mess is discovered. 8. Posiada Pani/Pan prawo wniesienia skargi do organu nadzorujcego przestrzeganie przepisw w zakresie ochrony danych osobowych tj. Mirroring effects were strongest for 22q11.2 (r . A mother is trying to toilet train her child. Assume transistor parameters of VBEV_{B E}VBE (on) =0.7V,=80=0.7 \mathrm{~V}, \beta=80=0.7V,=80, and VA=V_A=\inftyVA=. The strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition when a previously neutral stimulus is presented _____ High School Social Studies. Despite his personal identification as a physiologist Pavlov became one of the best-known figures in the history of psychology. Classical conditioning thus provides a basis for understanding people's unique preferences and aversions, and it provides a way of analyzing certain psychological problems, such as phobias. Our understanding of the molecular basis of umami taste and its appetitive qualities has been greatly aided by studies in laboratory rodents. Janet learns how to do a headstand by watching her friend Anne. Our second and third fiscal quarters often produce our strongest operating results because these periods coincide with the typical summer seasonality of the movie theatre industry and the summer strength of the lodging . Autor de la entrada Por ; Fecha de la entrada austin brown musician; matrix toners for bleached hair . One of the strongest influences on an adolescent is peer support; therefore, group sessions are often useful in teaching. wypenienia obowizku prawnego cicego na Administratorze (art. He easily makes his way back home, taking alternate roads that take him in the right direction. When watching a movie, we feel sorrow when the main character is sad and experience joy when he or she triumphs over adversity. John Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based on . Causes of Extinction and When It Occurs . deviant ritualism what disorder are Harvey, a graduate student in psychology, wants to study risk-taking behavior in children. reinforcement, chapter 4: development across the life span, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. 8.2108J8.2 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~J}8.2108J Determine where each function is increasing, decreasing, concave up, and concave down. a. w celu ustalenia, dochodzenia lub ochrony roszcze - do czasu ich ustawowego wyganicia; the strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition. Through them, we respectively learn to associate 1) stimuli in the environment, or 2) our own behaviors, with significant events, such as rewards and punishments. This form of short-term memory is supported by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and is believed to rely on the ability of selectively tuned pyramidal neuron networks to persist in firing even after a to-be-remembered stimulus is removed from the environment. So Ian sits and waits, too. If they swear at, or hit, a staff member or one of the other children, they lose a token. He easily makes his way back home, taking alternate roads that take him in the right direction. Ivan Pavlov's research on the digestive system of dogs unexpectedly led to his discovery of the learning process now known as classical conditioning. zgodnie z midzynarodowym standardem WCAG 2.0, Strona zostaa wdroona In operant conditioning, the consequences which come after a behavior will vary, to alter that behavior. Sometimes, a behavior might not be reinforced at all. . A blind man is walking to his favorite bakery. ioral responses during classical conditioning experiments should provide strong constraints on models of learning. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the influence of evolution on conditioned and unconditioned responses. The study reports that "children ages 8 to 17 who played a lot of violent video games showed an increase in aggressive behavior three years later, compared to their behavior at the study start.". spank (adding hand), subtraction of something pleasant Generally when spontaneous recovery of a conditioned response occurs, it doesn't persist for very long. Zgodnie z Rozporzdzeniem Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/679 z dnia 27 kwietnia 2016 r. w sprawie ochrony osb fizycznych w zwizku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepywu takich danych oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 95/46/WE (oglne rozporzdzenie o ochronie danych, RODO Dz. At prom, he receives compliments on his dancing. vicarious conditioning, Jose has a food allergy to almonds and gets very ill if he eats any food containing almonds. In degradation stage III, leaching of the C-S-H phases occurs, during which the C/S ratio of the C-S-H decreases from approximately 1.7 to 0.7 . Psychology chapter 6 (Learning) 65 terms. a. organom wadzy publicznej oraz podmiotom wykonujcym zadania publiczne lub dziaajcym na zlecenie organw wadzy publicznej, w zakresie i w celach, ktre wynikaj z przepisw powszechnie obowizujcego prawa; They include the stimulus substitution theory, preparatory-response theory, compensatory response theory, Rescorla-Wagner model, and the attentional model. This relationship exists when the unconditioned stimulus is surprising and the conditioned stimulus comes ________ it. group of answer choices prejudice genocide reverse discrimination regicide tyrannicide, aaron beck has used gentle questioning intended to reveal depressed clients' irrational thinking. A tone is paired with the presentation of a food pellet to a hungry rat on some conditioning trials. In the late 1800s, Edward Thorndike observed cats placed in a specially designed box. 6 ust. Previous. Backed by in . Imagine years down the road you are still enamored of delicious PB&J . Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence. The monthly lease is for $395/month, payable at beginning of the month. y=23x3+72x23x+4,xRy=-\frac{2}{3} x^{3}+\frac{7}{2} x^{2}-3 x+4, x \in \mathbf{R}y=32x3+27x23x+4,xR, In our universe, the rest energy of an electron is approximately 8.21014J8.2 \times 10^{-14} \mathrm{~J}8.21014J. Observational learning is classified as a form of social learning. The strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition when a previously neutral stimulus is presented _____ 1 answer . What are two reasons why knowing about the types of learning would be useful for working with livestock on a commercial ranch? Dr. Patrick Owen is a Lecturer at the School of Nutrition, McGill University, where he teaches graduate courses in the fields of evolutionary nutrition, phytochemistry, and ethnobotany. The theory of the classical conditioning explained how a certain behavior or response can be obtained from pairing unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus. Everyone in the class compliments Chef LeClair on his delicious chicken. The following diagram represents the three steps involved in classical conditioning: before, during, and after conditioning (modified from Gross, 2020): Stage 1. One of the best-known examples of classical conditioning is Pavlov's classic experiments with dogs. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, The strongest conditioning occurs during acquisition when a previously neutral stimulus is presented. Vous tes ici : jacob ramsey siblings; . Step 4: Do these same steps each time you make popcorn. Published by on June 29, 2022. , Strona zostaa dostosowana The unconditional response and conditional response obviously resemble each other, but they are not identical. The conditioning theory of fear-acquisition is outlined and the supporting evidence and arguments presented. Conditioning Premium Term. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Over time, the cats learned to press the lever ____________. You're struggling to finish reading a chapter for one of your classes. One day the road he takes is closed with no detour signs. If your Strength & Conditioning programme lists that you must do 3 sets of 12 reps then you would do 12 reps, rest the appropriate amount, and then repeat until you have done 3 groups of 12 reps. Much of this work has involved studies of Pavlovian or . Which of the following scenarios illustrate how biology constrains reinforcement? (e) It becomes 1/21 / \sqrt{2}1/2 times as large. you get a treat, Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behavior. actions of others and the expression of emotions, such as empathy. When red is present within the surrounding being the negative could also present itself as positive. While she is healing, she watches videos of other players. For example, leading behaviourist B.F. Skinner used reinforcement techniques . Which of maslows needs do in your professor's description of a psychological disorder, they keep returning to its cardinal trait: the inability to remember important personal information and life events. Zgodnie z Rozporzdzeniem Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/679 z 27 kwietnia 2016 r. w sprawie ochrony osb fizycznych w zwizku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepywu takich danych oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 95/46/WE (oglne rozporzdzenie o ochronie danych), zwanym RODO, zamawiajcy informuje, e: 1.Administratorem Pani/Pana danych osobowych jest Zwizek Komunalny Gmin Komunikacja Midzygminna w Olkuszu, ul. . the acquisition or modification of a behavior after exposure to at least one performance of that behavior. Definition. The next day, the child hears the buzzing on a flower, but when she reaches for it, she gets stung and cries in pain. How is Ben able to find his way back home? . He watches a YouTube video to learn how to dance. why is a token economy, such as used by teachers where children get a token for doing good, a good thing? positive reinforcement Ted increases paying his bills on time to avoid a late fee.